Vacuum cleaner



Au so, 1938.

J. DXER VACUUM CLEANER Filed May 4, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet l Aug. 30, 1938.J. B. DYER 2,128,525

VACUUM CLEANER Filed May 4, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 J. B. DYER VACUUMCLEANER Filed May 4, 1933 Aug. 30, 1938.-

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Aug. 30, 1938 PATENT OFFICE VACUUM CLEANERJohn B. Dyer, Pendleton, Ind., assignor, by mesne assignments, toGeneral Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of DelawareApplication May 4, 1933, Serial No. 669,319

16 Claims.

This invention relates generally to suction cleaning apparatus and moreparticularly to improvements in vacuum cleaners of the portable domestictype which embody a suction nozzle 5 associated with an electric motoroperated rotary suction producing fan.

One of the objects of this invention is to increase the cleaningefliciency of vacuum cleaners of this type by the provision of a novelnoz- 10 zle construction and method of air induction.

It is another object of this invention to so arrange a brush within thenozzle as to provide a passage of air current therethrough to preventany such accumulation of string, lint, hair and 15 similar forms oflitter on the brush as would interfere with its proper functioning todislodge dust and dirt from the floor covering during cleaning and tocomb and smooth the rug nap after cleaning.

20 Further objects and advantages. of this invention such as refinementsto simplify and facilitate operation and manufacture will be apparentfrom the following description of the two embodiments illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a vacuum cleaner embodying my invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of the vacuumcleaner of Figure 1 with :xu parts in section;

Figure 3 is a sectional view taken substantially on line 3-3 of Figure2;

Figure 4 is an expanded perspective view of the nozzle and associatedparts;

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken on line 5--5 of Figure 2;

Figure 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view with parts brokenaway at the lower end of the handle of Figure 1;

40 Figure 'l is a fragmentary bottom plan view of a modified form of myinvention;

Figure 8 is a sectional view taken on line 8-8 of Figure 7.

Referring to the drawings of both embodi- 45 ments, the main casing ofthe vacuum cleaner is generally indicated as consisting of a fan housingI with a forwardly extending suction passage 2 terminating in atransverse, relatively narrow suction nozzle 3. Within the fan housingis the 50 suction, fan 4 which is driven by the substantially verticallydisposed motor in the motor housing 5 supported on the fan housing. Thefan housing I is provided with the usual lateral discharge outlet 6 witha detachable connection to 65 the dust bag I and is also provided withthe usual central inlet opening (not shown) from the suction passage 2.Integral bearing brackets 8 are formed on the fan housing forthe axles 9of the rollers I which support the rear portion of the cleanenand aswill be noted more fully hereinafter, the cleaner is supported at itsforward end directly by the suction nozzle 3.

The operating handle II is received at its lower end within the socketI2 of the fork I3 and secured therein frictionally by the clamping screw10 I 4 extending through lugs on opposite sides of a slot in the socketwith a pin I5 on the handle extending into the socket slot to positivelyprevent separation of the handle from the fork by Contact with theclamping screw ll. The arms I8 of the fork I3 are pivotally mounted onthe axles 9 between the supporting rollers l0 and brackets 8, and meansis provided to secure the handle in various positions of angularadjustment with respect to the cleaner casing about this pivotalmounting, which means is generally similar to that shown in my copendingapplication, S. N. 445,111, filed April 17, 1930, which has matured intoPatent No. 1,965,885, dated July 10, 1934, in that the same consists, inpart, of a notched quadrant on the cleaner casing with a latch on thehandle which may be retracted from engagement with the quadrant by amanually operable remote control adjacent the upper end of the handle.

As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 6, the handle adjusting mechanism includes.an operating lever I'l near the upper end of the handle I I which isattached to a wire I8 extending down within .the handle to a connectorI9 at the upper end of the latch or plunger 20 urged downwardly by aspring 2I located between a washer 22 secured to the plunger and awasher 23 bearing against the lower end of the handle II. The latch orplunger 20 is guided in its vertical movement by the reduced lowerportion 24 of the socket I2 and the washer 22 secured to the plunger isextended at one side to form a key portion 25 which is received within avertical groove 26 in the socket to prevent rotation of the plungerthereover the fan housing with a relatively narrow notch whichcooperates with the lower end of the latch or plunger 20 to normallyhold the handle II in the substantially vertical position shown inFigure 6 and in full lines in Figure 1. The notch 38 is formed with arear face 3| which is inclined in such a manner as to normally preventlowering of the handle without releasing the plunger 20 from the notch3|] by operation of the lever I! so that the-entire cleaner may betilted on its rear supporting rollers and readily wheeled from one roomor floor covering to another. When it is desired to operate the cleanerover a floor covering or surface to be cleaned, the nozzle 3 should bemaintained in contact therewith and the handle should be free to swingthrough the range of normal operating positions. The quadrant 29provides a relatively wide notch 32 within which the plunger 20 may movefreely to permit this range of normal operating positions. The notch 32is defined at its upper end by a relatively smooth shoulder 33 whichcooperates with the end of the plunger 20 to cam it upwardly as thehandle is moved to the vertical position in which the plunger will beautomatically urged into the notch 30 by the spring 2|. The lower end ofthe notch 32 is defined by the abrupt shoulder 34 constituting the lowerlimit of the range of normal operating positions of the handle as isshown in dotted lines in Figure 1. As inferred hereabove, it ispreferable when moving the handle from the vertical position to aninclined operating position to retract the plunger 20 from the notch 30by manual operation of the lever H, but if this is not done any damagewhich might ordinarily result is prevented by the provision of theinclined face 3| of the notch 30 which will function to cam the plungerupwardly against the force of spring 2| so that the plunger willautomatically pass over this face 3| into the relatively wide notch 32on the application of considerable force to move the handle fromthe'vertical to an inclined position accompanied by exerting a downwardpressure on the suction nozzle 3 to prevent tilting of the cleaner aboutthe rear supporting wheels such as would ordinarily result from thismovement of the handle without manually retracting the' plunger from thenotch 30.

During normal operation, as has been stated above, the handle I I may bemoved freely through a considerable range of operating positions Withthe plunger 20 in the notch 32. At the same time, the provision of theabrupt shoulder 34 to cooperate with the plunger and define the lowerlimit to the usual range of operating positions renders it possible by aslight downward movement of the handle beyond this limit to tilt thecleaner about its rear supporting wheels to clear obstructions or movereadily from one rug to another without having to return the handle to avertical non-operating position to accomplish this tilting and thenhaving to release the handle plunger from the notch 30 to again assumethe normal operating position. At this lower limit to the-usual range ofoperating positions, the handle would still extend upwardly at such anangle (as indicated by the dotted line position in Figure 1) that itwould possibly interfere with movement of the cleaner under beds orother low furniture, in which event, however, the plunger 20 may beretracted by manual operation of the lever until it clears the shoulder34 and continued lowhandle reaches substantially a horizontal positionbeyond which any further lowering (without tilting the cleaner about therear supporting wheels) is prevented by contact of the lug 35 on one ofthe arms it of the fork l3 with the lug 36 on the adjacent bearingbracket 8 as is shown in dotted lines in Figure 3. It should be notedthat if the quadrant 29were extended sufficiently beyond the shoulder 34to provide this lowermost limit to lowering of the handle, the lower endof the quadrant would interfere with tilting of the cleaner by contactwith the surface over which the cleaner was being wheeled when not inoperation. The curved surface 34' beneath the shoulder 34 is provided toengage with the plunger 20 and earn it upwardly to automatically enterthe notch 32 as the handle is moved upwardly from below the lower limitto the normal range of operating positions, and to facilitate thiscamming action and that of the smooth shoulder 33 when the handle isbeing moved to the vertical position, the lower end of the plunger 20 isslightly rounded and one side is beveled as indicated at 31 in Figure 6.I 3

Referring now to the cleaner particularly shown in Figures 1, 2, 4 and5, it has been already mentioned that the main casing consists of a fanhousing with a forwardly extending suction passage 2 terminating in atransverse, relatively narrow suction nozzle 3, and as indicated in thedrawings, these parts may be formed in a single casting except for thebottom plate 38 on the suction passage 2 attached thereto by screws 39.The suction nozzle 3 whichis in communication with the suction passage 2intermediate its ends is constituted by an upper wall 40 and dependingside walls including front wall 4| and rear wall 42 thereby providing adownwardly directed open mouth 43 which is adapted to be moved over thesurface to be cleaned, with the nozzle supported by and contacting withthe surface to be cleaned at the lower edges of the depending nozzlewalls. Although the lower edges of the depending walls could be utilizedfor the direct contact with the surface to be cleaned, it is preferableto provide a flanged nozzle guard or shoe 44 detachably secured to thenozzle by means of screws which are countersunk in the openings 45 inthe nozzle guard 44 and threaded into the nozzle as at 46. This nozzleguard provides a smooth contact area of greater extent than the loweredges of the depending nozzle walls and limits the size of the openmouth 43 to that of the elongated opening in the nozzle guard which isformed with a vertical flange 41 around this opening and with a verticalflange 48 externally of the nozzle and of greater vertical extent thanflange 41 for a purpose to be hereinafter set forth.

The external surface of the depending walls of the nozzle 3 is formedwith a continuous shoulder 49 with a curved seat to receive the endlessrubber bumper 50 and prevent upward displacement thereof, and the flange48 on the nozzle guard 44 is adapted to contact with the bumper 50 toprevent downward displacement thereof. The front wall 4| of the nozzleis provided with a plurality of spaced vertical slots 5| which extendupwardly from the lower edge of this Wall to above the bumper 50 and onreference to Figures 2 and 5 it will be seen that the lower ends of theslots 5| are externally closed by the flange 48 on the nozzle guard 44and by the bumper 50 to thereby provide a plurality of spaced air inletopenings or passages 52 directly above the bumper in the front wall 4|of the nozzle above the lower edge of this wall and above the open mouth43. With further reference to Figures 2 and 5, the upper end of eachvertical slot 5| is defined by the curved and beveled face 53 wherebyeach air inlet passage is inclined downwardly toward the open mouth 43.

Within the nozzle 3 is a partition 54 which extends from end to end ofthe nozzle intermediate the front and rear walls thereof andsubstantially divides the nozzle into two separate chambers 55 and 56.The chamber 55 between the partition 54 and rear wall 42 constitutes asuction chamber in communication with the suction passage 2 to I createa vertical suction at the nozzle mouth 43 on the surface to be cleanedand the chamber 56 between the partition 54 and front wall 4|constitutes a brush chamber in which is mounted the brush 51. Thepartition 54 may be secured within the nozzle 3 in any suitable mannersuch as by forcing the same into tight engagement within the groove 58in the upper wall 40 and in the end walls of the nozzle. The lower edge59 of the partition 54 is above the lower edges of the depending nozzlewalls or in other words, above the horizontal plane of the open mouth43, so that said partition is adapted to be maintained in predeterminedspaced relation to the surface to be cleaned.

The brush 5! is mounted in the chamber for vertical movement and isurged downwardly by spring 60 so that the brush bristles 6| extend belowthe open mouth 43 to engage the surface to be cleaned. Vertical guidesfor the brush 51 are provided by the offset portions 62 on the partition54 and the inwardly projecting portions 63 on the front wall 4| of thenozzle, and endwise movement of the brush is prevented by the springclips 64 which may be attached to the upper wall 40 of the nozzle byscrews received in openings 65. The spring clips 64 extend verticallydownward at the ends of the brush and are each formed with asubstantially horizontal shoulder 56 adapted to extend under theadjacent end of the brush to limit the downward movement thereof with avertical extension 6'! beyond shoulder 56 to facilitate removal of thebrush which would obviously be accomplished by bending the spring clipsaway from the brush ends until the shoulders 66 no longer engagethereunder. The spring 60 consists of a strip of spring metal attachedto the in openings 68, with the ends 69 of the strip bent downwardly tosuch an extent as to engage with the brush 5'! adjacent its ends andexert sufficient downward pressure thereon to maintain it in yieldingcontact with any surface over which the cleaner may be moved duringnormal operation.

Referring now to the above description and to the detailed disclosure inFigure 5, it will be apparent that when operating the cleaner over asurface to be cleaned, the suction fan will draw air through theopenings in the front wall of the nozzle and downwardly and rearwardlybelow the lower edge of the partition thereby producing a horizontalpassage of air at relatively high velocity through the relatively narrowspace between the lower edge of the partition and the surface to becleaned. It will also be apparent that the air drawn through theopenings in the front wall of the nozzle will pass through the brushbristles and prevent any such accumulation of string, lint, hair andsimilar forms of litter on the brush as would interfere with its properfunctioning to dislodge dust and dirt from the floor covering or surfaceto be cleaned. However, the number and size of the air inlet openings orpassages in the front wall of the nozzle is such that the amount of airwhich may be drawn therethrough-is less than the capacity of the suctionproducing means so that some air may be drawn through the floor coveringat the open mouth of the nozzle and if the floor covering is a rug witha fairly thick nap,'air may also be drawn horizontally through the napunder the nozzle guard or shoe as the same is moved thereover.

The cleaner illustrated in Figures '7 and 8 is principally distinguishedfrom the cleaner of Figures 1, 2, 4 and 5 by a modification of thesuction passage and suction nozzle to provide a brush in the nozzlewhich is rotated by the suction fan'motor. In this modification, themotor shaft is extended below the suction fan in the fan housing i intothe suction passage 2 and is provided with a driving pulley 10 for theendless belt II which extends forwardly within the suction passage intothe nozzle 3 where it is engaged within a groove 12 in the rotatablymounted brush l3. Beneath the driving pulley 16 the bottom wall 14 ofthe suction passage 2 is provided with a readily removable cover 15 foraccess to the pulley and belt to permit inspection or renewal of thebelt if required. This cover 15 may be normally held in place by anysuitable means such as a wire bail'16 hinged to the suction passage andadapted to be sprung over a depending portion 11 of the cover.

Referring to Figure 8, the suction nozzle 3, which is in communicationwith the suction passage 2, is substantially semi-circular in crosssection with a front wall 18 and rear wall 19 which areiconnected by anupper curved wall and end walls to provide a downwardly directed openmouth which is adapted to be moved over the surface to be cleaned. Aflanged nozzle guard or shoe 8| is preferably provided at the loweredges of the nozzle for contact with the surface to be cleaned, andguard wires 82 extend across the opening in the nozzle guard and may bewelded thereto at their ends. The nozzle guard 8| is secured to thenozzle by a means which will permit the same to be readily detached foraccess to the brush and removal of the latter to replace the belt. Thissecuring means consists of a forwardly projecting pin 83 on the frontwall 18 of the nozzle which is adapted to be received within an openingin the external upwardly extending flange 84 on the nozzle guard, and apin 85 extending inwardly from the flange 84 below the lower edge of therear wall 19 of the nozzle with a reduced end which is adapted to bereceived within an opening in the lower end of the depending spring arm86 riveted at its upper end within the nozzle and exerting a rearwardpressure on the nozzle guard to normally hold the same in position. Suchan arrangement is preferably provided adjacent each end of the nozzleguard and it will be seen that the nozzle guard may be readily removedby forcing it forwardly against the tension of the spring arms until thefront openings are beyond the ends of pins 83 and the front of thenozzle guard moved downwardly and the nozzle guard then moved rearwardlyto release the pins 85 from the openings in the spring arms. To replacethe nozzle guard, the reduced ends of the pins 85 would first beinserted in the openings in the spring arms and the nozzle guard forcedforwardly and the front end thereof moved upwardly until the frontopenings are in line with pins 83 which would then be engaged tendupwardly from the lower edge of this wall and have their lower endsexternally closed by the flange 84 on the nozzle guard 8| and by anadjacent rubber bumper 88 to thereby provide a plurality of .downwardlyinclined spaced air inlet openings or passages 89 directly above thebumper 88, and in this respect the cleaner of Figures 7 and 8 issubstantially identical with that shown in Figures 1, 2, 4 and 5. Withinthe nozzle in this modification there is a partition or baffie wall 98which corresponds generally to the partition 54 shown in Figures 4 and5, but the partition 90 does not depend vertically from the upper wallof the nozzle but consists of an elongated plate which is riveted to thefront wall I8 above the horizontal plane of the openings 88 and extendsrearwardly and downwardly to terminate in a lower edge 9| intermediatethe front and rear walls of the nozzle and above the lower edges thereofor above the plane of the inlet mouth. The lower edge SI of thepartition 98 is therefore adapted to be maintained in predeterminedspaced relation to the surface to be cleaned by the contact of thenozzle guard 8| and guard wires 82 with said surface.

The rotatable brush 13 may be mounted within the nozzle in any suitablemanner which will permit the ready removal thereof and preferably permitalso a vertical adjustment to vary the degree of contact of the brushbristles 82 with the surface to be cleaned. The method of mounting thebrush in the nozzle forms no part of the present invention and has notbeen shown in detail but indicated only diagrammatically as includingbearing retainers 93 on the brush ends which are received withinvertically slotted bearing supports 98.

The operation of this modified form is generally similar to thatheretofore described with reference to the form of Figures 1, 2, 4 and 5in that the suction fan will draw air through the openings in the frontwall of the nozzle and downwardly and rearwardly below the lower edge ofthe partition thereby producing a horizontal passage of air atrelatively high velocity through the relatively narrow space between thelower edge of the partition and the surface to be cleaned. This air willthen be drawn upwardly and rearwardly within the nozzle to the suctionpassage passing through the bristles of the rotating brush to preventaccumulation of string,'lint, hair and similar forms of litter thereon.Some air may also be drawn through the floor covering at the open mouthof the nozzle and if the floor covering is a rug with a fairly thicknap, air may be drawn horizontally through the nap under the nozzleguard or shoe as the same is moved thereover.

While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes I haveillustrated and described herein two embodiments of my invention, itwill be apparent that changes may be made therein without distinguishingfrom the spirit of my invention as set forth in the appended claims, andthat certain features of my invention may be used to advantageindependently of other features.

I claim:

1. In a suction cleaner, suction producing means and a suction nozzlehaving an open mouth including spaced front and rear walls adapted tocontact at their lower edges with a surface to be cleaned, a dependingpartition in said nozzle with its lower edge intermediate said walls andabove the lower edges thereof, the space between said partition andfront wall constituting a brush chamber and the space between saidpartition and rear wall constituting a suction chamber in directcommunication with said suction producing means, and a brush in saidbrush chamber, and a plurality of air inlet passages in said front wallabove the lower edge thereof through which air will be drawn and passthrough the brush and between the lower edge of the partition and thesurface to be cleaned into the said suction chamher.

2. In a suction cleaner, suction producing means and a suction nozzlewith an upper wall and vertically depending walls providing a downwardlydirected .open mouth adapted to contact with and be moved over a surfaceto be cleaned, and a partition depending vertically from and secured tothe upper inner wall of said nozzle intermediate the front and rearwalls thereof, said partition terminating above the inlet mouthintermediate said front and rear walls and adapted to be maintained inpredetermined spaced relation to the surface to be cleaned by thecontact of the mouth with said surface.

3. In a suction cleaner, suction producing means and a suction nozzlehaving an upper wall and an open mouth including depending spaced frontand rear walls adapted to contact with and be supported by a surface tobe cleaned, a partition in said nozzle with its lower edge intermediatesaid walls and above the lower edges thereof, a brush mounted in saidnozzle for limited vertical movement between said partition and thefront wall, and spring means between said upper wall and said brush toforce the brush downwardly against the surface to be cleaned with thebrush bristles extending below the lower edge of said partition.

4. The elements set forth in claim 3, in which the front wall of thenozzle is provided with a plurality of air inlet passages above thelower edge thereof through which air will be drawn and pass downwardlyand rearwardly through the brush bristles and between the lower edge ofthe partition and the surface to be cleaned.

5. In a suction cleaner, suction producing means and a suction nozzlehaving a downwardly directed open mouth including spaced front and rearwalls and a nozzle guard secured to the lower edges of said walls andadapted to contact with a surface to be cleaned, a partition in saidnozzle with its lower edge intermediate said walls and above the loweredges thereof, the space between said partition and rear wallconstituting a suction chamber in communication with said suctionproducing means to create a vertical suction at the nozzle mouth on thesurface to be cleaned, and air inlet passages in the front wall of thenozzle above the lower edge thereof through which air will be drawn andpass horizontally between the lower edge of the partition and thesurface to be cleaned to the suction chamber.

6. The elements set forth in claim 5, in which a brush is mounted in thespace betweenthe partition and the front wall of the nozzle with thebrush bristles located in the path of the air drawn through the airinlet passages in the front wall of the nozzle.

7. In a suction cleaner, suction producing cleaned, a partition insaidnozzle with its lower edge above said mouth, said nozzle being providedwith air inlet passages through which air will be drawn and pass betweenthe lower edge of said partition and the surface to be cleaned, and abrush mounted within said nozzle to contact with the surface to becleaned, said nozzle guard and brush being so arranged as to prevent thesurface to be cleaned from being drawn into the mouth into contact withthe lower edge of said partition during operation of said cleaner.

8. In a suction cleaner, suction producing means and a suction nozzlehaving an open mouth including spaced front and rear walls adapted tocontact with a surface to be cleaned, the front wall of said nozzlebeing provided with an air inlet passage spaced above the lower edgethereof, a partition secured to said front wall above said air inletpassage and extending rearwardly and downwardly therefrom with its loweredge intermediate said front and rear walls and above the lower edgesthereof, and' a brush r0- tatably mounted in said nozzle rearwardly ofsaid partition with the brush bristles extending below the lower edge ofsaid partition.

9. In a suction cleaner, suction producing means and a suction nozzlehaving an open mouth including spaced front and rear walls adapted tocontact at their lower, edges with a surface to be cleaned, a partitionin said nozzle with its lower edge intermediate said walls and above thelower edges thereof, and -a brush mounted within said nozzle to rotatein the space between said partition and the rear wall of said nozzle.

10. In a suction cleaner, suction producing means and a suction nozzlehaving a downwardly directed open mouth including spaced front and rearwalls adapted to contact with a surface to be cleaned, a partition insaid nozzle with its lower edge intermediate said walls and above thelower edges thereof, the space between said partition and rear wallconstituting a suction chamber in communication with said suctionproducing means to create a vertical suction at the nozzle mouth on thesurface to be cleaned, air inlet passages in the front wall of thenozzle above the lower edge thereof through which air willbe drawn andpass horizontally between the lower edge of the partition and thesurface to be cleaned to the suction chamber, and a brush mounted insaid nozzle to rotate in said suction chamber with its bristles adjacentand extending below the lower edge of said partition whereby the airpassing horizontally between the lower edge of said partition and thesurface to be cleaned will be drawn through the brush bristles.

11. In a suction cleaner, suction producing means and a suction nozzlehaving an open mouth adapted to contact with and be moved over a surface'to be cleaned, said nomle being provided with a plurality of verticalslots extending upwardly from the lower edge of said mouth, and meansextending over the lower ends of said slots to provide a plurality ofair inlet passages above the lower edge of said mouth.

' 12. The elements set forth in claim 11, in which said means extendingover the lower ends of the slots in the nozzle comprises a nozzle guardsecured to the lower edge of said mouth and a bumper.mounted on saidnozzle adjacent said nozzle guard.

13. In a suction cleaner, suction producing means and a suction nozzlehaving an open means and a suction nozzle having an open mouth adaptedto contact with and be moved over a surface to be cleaned, said nozzlebeing provided with a plurality of vertical slots extending upwardlyfrom the lower edge of said mouth, and a bumper mounted on said nozzleand extending over a portion of said slots between the upper and lowerends thereof.

15. In a suction cleaner, suction producing means and a suction nozzlehaving an open mouth including spaced front and rear walls adapted tocontact at their lower edges with a surface to be cleaned, a partitionin said nozzle with its lower edge intermediate said walls and above thelower edges thereof, a plurality of air inlet passages in the front wallabove the lower edge thereof through which air will be drawn and passbetween the lower edge of the partition and the surface to be cleaned,and a brush member in said nozzle provided with bristles, means formounting said brush with its bristles in contact with the surface to becleaned at all times, said brush member being so arranged with respectto said partition and air inlet passages that air will be drawnlaterally through the brush bristles during operation of the cleaner.

-16. In a suction cleaner, a suction chamber and a brush chamber havingnarrow elongated inlet mouths located side by side for application -toone and the same working surface and communicating with each otheracross and adjacent to said working surface, a brush located in saidbrush chamber, and means yieldingly supporting said brush to enable itto move vertically in accordance with inequalities in the workingsurface, said brush chamber having an air inlet therein located at adistance from the working surface. v

' JOHN 3. pm.

